Enslaved individuals could hire out their limited extra time to other settlers. This, coupled with the determination of enslavers to make as much money as possible, allowed some enslaved individuals to earn cash. There were not enough people to do all the jobs. Life on the frontier was focused on survival. In 1795, while still enslaved, Frank and his owner left South Carolina for Kentucky's Pennyroyal Frontier. Juda's Scotch-Irish owner, George McWhorter, was likely Frank's father. Frank's mother Juda was a young enslaved woman from Africa. He was born in 1777 in the foothills of South Carolina's Blue Ridge Mountains near the Pacolet River. Like other enslaved individuals, Frank was called only by his first name. These laws controlled and restricted virtually every aspect of African American life. In response, Illinois became one of many states to enact stringent Black Codes.
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Because Illinois was a free state, free African Americans began to move there. The displacement of these tribes created more land for settlers, but destroyed the way of life for many Native American peoples.Ĭanal and river transportation also created new markets and economic opportunities in the region. An armed conflict in 1832 between the settlers and a multi-tribal group led by a Sauk leader named Black Hawk led to the removal of several tribes, including the Ho-Chunks, from Illinois. Settlers and the United States government worked to displace the native tribes from their land to expand their own farms and towns. Violent conflict between the settlers and the Native American tribes who lived there also limited the number of settlers who moved to Illinois. Private citizens could also buy parcels of Military Tract Land. The land was awarded to veterans for their military service.
To promote settlement of the Illinois Territory, the United States government set aside 3.5 million acres of land called Military Tract Land. Illinois’ growth first as a territory and then as a state was limited by its distance from markets to the East. French citizens who enslaved people before the state was created were allowed to continue to enslave them. Enslavers were allowed to use an enslaved labor force to extract salt from saltwater springs in the southern Illinois American Bottoms region. Exceptions to the ban on slavery in Illinois were sometimes made.
Slavery was permitted in Missouri and Kentucky, across the rivers on the new state's southern and western borders. In 1818, Illinois joined the United States as a free state that prohibited slavery. This debate divided the nation and led to the Civil War. Attempts to expand slavery clashed with a growing conviction that the practice should end. By the time the United States Congress established the Territory of Illinois, slavery was a contentious issue nationwide. They believed that slavery was incompatible with the ideals of equality and freedom the United States had been founded on. Yet, by the late 1700s growing numbers of people opposed the practice. Archeological Excavation at New Philadelphia Reading:ĭuring the 1600s and 1700s the use of slave labor grew in the North American colonies.
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